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DEFINITION
Activated carbon is a carbonaceous material characterized by a well developed pore structure and a very large internal surface area.
These characteristics provide activated carbon with a very strong adsorptive property.
PORE STRUCTURE OF ACTIVATED CARBON
a – micropores
b , f – mesopores (spherical and cilindrical)
c , e , d, – macropores (passing, internal, superfi cial)
RAW MATERIAL
Activated carbon is mainly produced from
– coal
– coconut shell
– wood
The yield of activated carbon is in the range between 15-35 % depending upon the raw material.
Generally coal gives high yield (30-35%) while coconut shell gives a lower yield (15-20%).
The approximate carbon content for different raw materials is shown in table 1.
Tab. 1 – Approximate carbon content of raw materials
Material | Carbon Content |
Coal | 65%-70% |
Coconut shell | 40%-45% |
Wood | 35%-40% |
CLASSIFICATION OFACTIVATED CARBON
GRANULAR
Mainly used for water treatment (potable, urban and industrial waste water)
Different mesh size
Different starting material (coconut, mineral, vegetal)
EXTRUDED ( PELLET )
Mainly used for air treatment
Different diameter 2 – 3 – 4 mm (most common)
Generally mineral based
POWDER
Used for water treatment (drinking and waste)
Industrial process (wine industry, pharmaceutical, food industry)
Air treatment (incinerators)
Size: generally under 325 mesh
Different raw material (coal, coconut, vegetal)
CHARACTERIZATION OF ADSORPTION CAPACITY
The adsorption capacity of activated carbon is determined mostly by two factors.
INTERNAL SURFACE AREA
It is determined by mean of N2 adsorption and represent the surface area of the activated carbon and it is expressed in m2/g.
Internal surface area varies in the range 500-1800.
PORE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
Micropore: 0-20 A°
Mesopore: 20-50A°
Macropore: > 50 A°
Micropores and mesopores are supposed the be the most effective for the adsorption phenomenon and represent 80-90 % of the pore distribution.
Distribution of pores depends upon the starting material.
Coconut shell a.c. have a predominance of micropore (roughly 90%).
Coal based a.c. have a wide pore distribution (micropore/mesopore distribution is 60/30%).
Wood – peat based a.c. have high proportion of macropore (40-50%).
APPLICATIONS
l WATER TREATMENT
l GAS – AIR TREATMENT
l PERSONEL PROTECTION
l FOOD INDUSTRY
l CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
l PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
l CATALYSTS
PRODUCTS
1. Water Treatment
Type of Water | Process | Type of Carbon |
POTABLE WATER | Removal of organic compounds (pesticides, solvents…) Removal of organic compounds due to algae degradation/humic subs. | 1000, P900, 800, WP180 |
WASTE WATER Civil | Enhancement of Biological Process(I.B.T.)COD –BOD5 fi nal treatment | 1000, P900, 800, WP180 |
WASTE WATER Industrial Textile, Tannery, Food | Enhancement of Biological Process(I.B.T.)COD –BOD5 fi nal treatment, Color removal | 1000, P900, 800, WP180 |
2. Industrial Process
Type of Fields | Process | Type of Carbon |
ENOLOGICAL INDUSTRY | Wine decolorization | 1000, P900, 800,WP180 |
SUGAR, STARCH… | Decolorization | WP series |
FRUIT JUICE | Decolorization | WP series |
CITRIC ACID, TARTARIC ACID | Decolorization | WP series |
3. Air Treatment
INDUSTRIAL EMISSION | Process | Type of Carbon |
Automotive Industry | Solvents Recovery | S400 , S450 , SC450 |
Paint Production | Solvents Recovery | S400 , S450 , SC450 |
Printing, Adhesive tape | Solvents Recovery | S400 , S450 , SC450 |
Food industry | Odor removal | S400 |
Chemical, Petrochemical, Refinery | Hydrocarbons vapor, Sulfide removal Mercaptans | S400S, 470SPI-402, SSH-407 |
Incinerator (U.S.W.) | Dioxin, Mercury | P900P900S |
CIVIL EMISSION | Process | Type of Carbon |
Biological plants | Odor removal (Screening, Thickening, dehytration) | S400SPI-402 |
Sewage system | Pumping pits | S400SPI-402 |
For more details, please check www.watercarbon.com or send an e-mail to info@waterlandtech.com.
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